AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The principle of random allocation is to avoid bias in the way the experiment is carried out and to limit the effects of participant variables.

Detailed explanation-2: -Random allocation greatly decreases systematic error, so individual differences in responses or ability are far less likely to consistently affect results. Counterbalancing is a method used to deal with extraneous effects caused by order effects that arise when using a repeated measures design.

Detailed explanation-3: -The easiest method is simple randomization. If you assign subjects into two groups A and B, you assign subjects to each group purely randomly for every assignment. Even though this is the most basic way, if the total number of samples is small, sample numbers are likely to be assigned unequally.

Detailed explanation-4: -How do you randomly assign participants to groups? To implement random assignment, assign a unique number to every member of your study’s sample. Then, you can use a random number generator or a lottery method to randomly assign each number to a control or experimental group.