AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Experimenter bias is defined as a systematic error in research, which occurs either during the process or while interpreting the results, and the error is attributed to the researcher’s behavior, preconceived beliefs, expectations, or desires regarding the results.

Detailed explanation-2: -Researcher bias occurs when the researcher’s beliefs or expectations influence the research design or data collection process.

Detailed explanation-3: -Observer bias and other “experimenter effects” occur when researchers’ expectations influence study outcome. These biases are strongest when researchers expect a particular result, are measuring subjective variables, and have an incentive to produce data that confirm predictions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The observer-expectancy effect occurs when researchers influence the results of their own study through interactions with participants. Researchers’ own beliefs and expectations about the study results may unintentionally influence participants through demand characteristics.

Detailed explanation-5: -experimenter bias any systematic errors in the research process or the interpretation of its results that are attributable to a researcher’s behavior, preconceived beliefs, expectancies, or desires about results. For example, a researcher may inadvertently cue participants to behave or respond in a particular way.