RESEARCH METHODS THINKING CRITICALLY WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND DESCRIPTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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The startle response of a baby the first time the baby hears thunder
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A child’s fear of dogs after the child has been bitten by a dog
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The uncontrollable blinking of a woman who has just gotten dust in her eye
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The salivation of a dog that is halfway through a bowl of its favorite food
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Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is a. feeling anxious around horses. Classical conditioning explains this as horses being the conditioned stimulus that elicit anxiety.
Detailed explanation-2: -For example, whenever you come home wearing a baseball cap, you take your child to the park to play. So, whenever your child sees you come home with a baseball cap, he is excited because he has associated your baseball cap with a trip to the park. This learning by association is classical conditioning.
Detailed explanation-3: -One of the best known examples of classical conditioning may be Pavlov’s experiments on domestic dogs. Russian behaviorist Ivan Pavlov noticed that the smell of meat made his dogs drool. He began to ring a bell just before introducing the meat.
Detailed explanation-4: -Which of the following are examples of responses learned through classical conditioning? A dog has learned to salivate to a bell, but the bell no longer means that food is coming. If this failure to pair the bell with food occurs often enough, the dog will stop salivating to the bell.