AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Taste buds are sensory end organs that are located in the oral epithelium (BOX 1). The receptors on the chemosensitive apical tips of taste bud cells confer specificity to gustatory stimuli. Taste receptors come in many types, including several classes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels (FIG.

Detailed explanation-2: -Receptors are the organs that sense sight, smell, taste, touch and sound. It thus involves eyes, nose, tongue, skin and ears. Muscle is not a receptor.

Detailed explanation-3: -The ubiquitous G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up the sweet, umami, and bitter receptors. Although less clear in humans, transient receptor potential ion channels are thought to mediate salty and sour taste; however, other targets have been identified.

Detailed explanation-4: -It turns out that capsaicin-the active ingredient in spicy food-binds to a special class of vanilloid receptor inside our mouth called VR1 receptors. After capsaicin binds to these receptors, the sensory neuron is depolarized, and it sends along a signal indicating the presence of spicy stimuli.