AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Perception refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. Perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.

Detailed explanation-2: -Perception. Bottom-up processing is the process of ‘sensation’ and top-down is the process of ‘perception’. Sensation is the input of sensory information from our external environment that is received by our sensory receptors.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bottom-up processing: analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information. Top-down processing: information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bottom-up processing refers to information processing that begins “at the bottom” with raw sensory data that are sent “up” to the brain for higher-level analysis. Top-down processing starts “at the top, ” with higher-level cognitive processes (such as, expectations and knowledge), and then works down.

Detailed explanation-5: -“Sensation” is the bottom-up process by which our senses-vision, hearing, smell, touch, and taste-receive and relay external stimuli. “Perception” is the top-down mechanism that our brains use to organize and interpret data, which we put into context.