AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Perceptual constancy is referred to as a top-down process because we are looking to perceive an object despite any changes in shape, size, and so on. Taking those changes into account would require bottom-up processing.

Detailed explanation-2: -Perceptual constancy = perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change.

Detailed explanation-3: -perceptual constancy, also called object constancy, or constancy phenomenon, the tendency of animals and humans to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, colour, or location regardless of changes in the angle of perspective, distance, or lighting.

Detailed explanation-4: -Perceptual constancy refers to the tendency to perceive an object you are familiar with as having a constant shape, size, and brightness despite the stimuli changes that occur.