AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -One cognitive bias that shows up in the context of health interactions is ingroup/outgroup bias: a pattern of favoring one’s own “ingroup” (a social group with which one identifies) over “outgroup” members (a social group with which one does not identify).

Detailed explanation-2: -An example would be in an election. Early on, members within one political party typically argue with each other and split into factions supporting different candidates within the same party. They can exhibit stereotypical thinking and negative behaviors towards the other group.

Detailed explanation-3: -In-group Bias (also known as in-group favoritism) is the tendency for people to give preferential treatment to others who belong to the same group that they do. This bias shows up even when people are put into groups randomly, making group membership effectively meaningless.

Detailed explanation-4: -Based mostly in social and cognitive psychology, in-group bias is the act of favoring one’s own group over other groups, where group membership is defined as an individual’s perceived identification with a social group’s qualities, goals or morals (Brewer, 1979).