AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This phenomenon is called “social loafing”-the idea that some people put in less effort in a group setting. According to social psychology, social loafing occurs when there is a diffusion of responsibility and a shift of focus from individual performance to group performance.

Detailed explanation-2: -These include social comparison theory, cognitive dissonance theory, self-presentation theory, drive theory, social impact theory, self-attention theory, social cognition theory, and the theory of transactive memory.

Detailed explanation-3: -Group Polarization Examples One example of informational influence within group polarization is jury verdicts. Multiple studies have shown that jury members in civil trials as a group often decided on punitive damage awards larger or smaller than they would have chosen individually.

Detailed explanation-4: -Group polarization is thought to have two causes: homophily and discursive argumentation. Homophily is the tendency for people to associate with like-minded people, which positively reinforces certain beliefs. Conversely, individuals use discursive arguments to reason with group members and promote an agenda.