AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As early as second grade, the children demonstrated the American cultural stereotype for math: boys associated math with their own gender while girls associated math with boys. In the self-concept test, boys identified themselves with math more than girls did.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples include: Not criminalizing marital rape, perceiving that women are the sexual property of men; and. Failing to investigate, prosecute and sentence sexual violence against women, believing that victims of sexual violence agreed to sexual acts, as they were not dressing and behaving “modestly”.

Detailed explanation-3: -Math-gender stereotypes reduce girls’ interest, motivation, and performance in math, and lead to women being less likely to pursue mathematical professions (e.g., Wang and Degol, 2017). Teachers, as powerful socializers, also endorse math-gender stereotypes (e.g., Gunderson et al., 2012).