AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Centrally, amphetamines inhibit all presynaptic monoamine transporters causing an increase in dopamine, serotonin, and NA. In addition, amphetamines inhibit monoamine oxidases, the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of these neurotransmitters.

Detailed explanation-2: -The amphetamines increase synaptic norepinephrine and dopamine by forcing the transporters to operate in reverse. A direct increase in dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens, a part of the limbic forebrain, is common to many drugs of abuse and appears to be a key mechanism leading to addiction.

Detailed explanation-3: -They showed that amphetamine enters dopamine neurons through specific entry proteins on the cell surface. Once inside the cells, the drug triggers the internalization of a glutamate transporter from the cell surface, which enhances the excitatory actions of amphetamine.

Detailed explanation-4: -Exposure to Amphetamine Alters Dopamine Axons and Reduces the Density of Dopamine Synapses in the Prefrontal Cortex In control mice, dopamine axons form a large number of closely spaced synapses (green circles) in the prefrontal cortex.