AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Examples of opioids include morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone and fentanyl. Symptoms of opioid use include drowsiness, constipation, euphoria, nausea, vomiting and slowed breathing.

Detailed explanation-2: -Methylnaltrexone, naldemedine, and naloxegol are PAMORAs that block the µ-opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and thus decrease the constipation associated with opioid therapy without affecting the central analgesic effects of the opioid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Naltrexone-blocks the euphoric and sedative effects of opioids and prevents feelings of euphoria.

Detailed explanation-4: -Morphine injection is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It may also be used before or during surgery with an anesthetic (medicine that puts you to sleep). Morphine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.

Detailed explanation-5: -Common side effects of opioid administration include sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression.