AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Heroin enters the brain rapidly and binds to opioid receptors on cells located in many areas, especially those involved in feelings of pain and pleasure and in controlling heart rate, sleeping, and breathing. People who use heroin report feeling a “rush” (or euphoria).

Detailed explanation-2: -Opioids work in the brain to produce a variety of effects, including pain relief. Opioid drugs include prescription pain medicine and illegal drugs. Some people use opioids because of the euphoria (“high”) they can produce.

Detailed explanation-3: -Opioids produce euphoria, tranquility, and rewarding behavior. Euphoria is mediated by receptors. Activation of receptors produces dysphoria.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amphetamine is a commonly used illegal drug that overstimulates the central nervous system. It makes users feel abnormally alert, energetic, and productive. Stimulants like amphetamine and meth can also cause euphoria, overwhelming agitation, delusions, and hallucinations.

Detailed explanation-5: -Addiction begins in the midbrain, where opioids receptors switch off a batch of nerve cells called GABAergic neurons. GABAergic neurons are themselves an off-switch for the brain’s euphoria and pleasure networks.