AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -NIDA notes that all drugs that cause dependence and addiction disrupt the brain’s dopamine neurotransmitter system. This results in initial feelings of pleasure–but chronic substance use opens up the possibility of functional and structural changes to the brain’s neurons.

Detailed explanation-2: -Side effects of drug addiction may include: Nausea and abdominal pain, which can also lead to changes in appetite and weight loss. Increased strain on the liver, which puts the person at risk of significant liver damage or liver failure. Seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage. Lung disease.

Detailed explanation-3: -(with-DRAWL) A term used to describe the physical and mental symptoms that a person has when they suddenly stop or cut back the use of an addictive substance, such as opiates and opioids, nicotine products, or alcohol.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tolerance happens through changes at the cellular level. It’s the result of the brain restoring balance after it’s repeatedly overstimulated by a drug. As balance is restored, neurons, synapses, and entire brain regions start to work differently. The brain sets a new normal that includes effects of the drug.