AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The natural alkaloids are also referred to as opiates and include morphine and codeine. Synthetic derivatives include heroin, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, buprenorphine and others. The opioids are highly potent and effective analgesics, but most have a high potential for dependency and abuse.

Detailed explanation-2: -Morphine is a non-synthetic narcotic with a high potential for abuse and is derived from opium. It is used for the treatment of pain.

Detailed explanation-3: -Morphine injection is used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It may also be used before or during surgery with an anesthetic (medicine that puts you to sleep). Morphine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.

Detailed explanation-4: -Narcotic analgesics, with morphine as typical example, bind to the opioid receptors present in both the central as the peripheral nervous system and block them for the interaction with neurotransmitters (Fig. 6.2).