AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The adaptive theory states that animals sleep to avoid danger [12, 25]. For example, animals that are active during the day are vulnerable to predators at night, and therefore sleep to avoid being hunted and eaten.

Detailed explanation-2: -Inactivity theory is based on the concept of evolutionary pressure where creatures inactive at night were less likely to die from the predation of injury in the dark, thus creating an evolutionary and reproductive benefit to being inactive at night.

Detailed explanation-3: -The belief that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which increase in darkness, is consistent with theories about sleep. Solution: The correct answer is the Inactivity theory. Inactivity theory of sleep is also known as evolutionary or adaptive theory.

Detailed explanation-4: -One proposed evolutionary function of active sleep is to produce ‘active immobility’, which increases an organism’s chance of survival during times, such as at night, when the risk of predation is greatest, and its best strategy is simply to hide, in a hole in the ground, or in a tree, and keep completely still.

Detailed explanation-5: -One plausible explanation for this variation in sleep patterns is that, from an evolutionary perspective, sleep and related states provide periods of adaptive inactivity. Contrary to first impressions, animals may sometimes be less vulnerable to attack by predators while asleep.