TESTING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
GROUP DIFFERENCES AND THE QUESTION OF BIAS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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mental based
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evidence based
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common knowledge
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all of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -An example of scientific bias is selection bias. When conducting a survey or research, the sample of a few can be over-preferred while other samples may be under-represented.
Detailed explanation-2: -In research, bias occurs when “systematic error [is] introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others” 7. Bias can occur at any phase of research, including study design or data collection, as well as in the process of data analysis and publication (Figure 1).
Detailed explanation-3: -All phases of scientific study are prone to biases2. One of the widely known biases is publication bias, which has a recognized influence on the scientific knowledge3, 4, 5.
Detailed explanation-4: -Confirmation bias also contributes to exaggerating belief probabilities. When you accumulate evidence in your mind that supports your hypothesis, you can believe something is much more probable than it actually is.