AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Skinner believed that most animal or human behaviour is not elicited by a specific stimulus, but is a voluntary, active process. He argued that people ‘operate’ on their environment and that behaviour is ‘instrumental’ in leading to certain ‘consequences’, which lead to the behaviour being repeated.

Detailed explanation-2: -Operant conditioning, also known as instrumental conditioning, is the procedure of learning to increase or decrease a voluntary behavior using reinforcement or punishment. The learning process can be carried out using different timings, called schedules of reinforcement.

Detailed explanation-3: -Skinner. Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. An animal or a human receives a consequence after performing a specific behavior. The consequence is either a reinforcer or a punisher.

Detailed explanation-4: -Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior. Through operant conditioning, behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated, and behavior that is punished will rarely occur.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first, extensively explored in operant-conditioning experiments, is that voluntary responses produce the reinforcers that control them. This bidirectional relationship-in which reinforcer depends on response and response on reinforcer-demonstrates the functional nature of the voluntary act.