BONE
APPOSITIONAL
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Hormones and mechanical stress.
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Mechanical stress and calcium levels.
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Calcium levels and vascularization.
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Vascularization and hormones.
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Detailed explanation-1: -The bone remodeling process is controlled by various local and systemic factors, and their expression and release, in a well organized manner. Calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2 vitamin D3] and estrogen are the major hormonal regulators of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Detailed explanation-2: -Bone growth factors affect the process of bone remodeling. These factors include insulin-like growth factors I and II, transforming growth factor beta, fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Bone volume is determined by the rates of bone formation and bone resorption.
Detailed explanation-3: -Mechanical stress to bone plays a crucial role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. It causes the deformation of bone matrix and generates strain force, which could initiate the mechano-transduction pathway.