GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The T2 signal of simple cysts is that of fluid, typically similar to CSF, and they have a thin wall and no septa or nodules. When hemorrhagic, cysts are typically T1-hyperintense and T2-hypointense. Proteinaceous cysts, generally thought to be the sequela of hemorrhage, may also be T1-hyperintense.

Detailed explanation-2: -Simple kidney cysts are almost always harmless. They are called “simple” because there is very little chance they will develop into something more serious. However, some cysts do have thickened walls, may look irregular on X-rays, and could be associated with kidney cancers.

Detailed explanation-3: -The surgery indicators included patients with an asymptomatic renal cyst size greater than 60 mm or with a symptomatic cyst (such as renal pain, a renal lump, hypertension, or hematuria), and a renal cyst size less than 60 mm in the greatest dimension for simple cysts (Bosniak I and II classification).

Detailed explanation-4: -Approximately 2–4% of Stage I renal cysts may become symptomatic (abdominal pain or haematuria) due to increasing size (6–8 cm) or a complication such as infection, haemorrhage or rupture [7]. During assessment, it is important to exclude a malignancy as neoplasms are more frequently symptomatic [6].