GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Nitrogenous wastes tend to form toxic ammonia, which raises the pH of body fluids. The formation of ammonia itself requires energy in the form of ATP and large quantities of water to dilute it out of a biological system. Animals that live in aquatic environments tend to release ammonia into the water.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nitrogenous wastes in the body tend to form toxic ammonia, which must be excreted. Mammals such as humans excrete urea, while birds, reptiles, and some terrestrial invertebrates produce uric acid as waste. Uricothelic organisms tend to excrete uric acid waste in the form of a white paste or powder.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nitrogenous wastes are formed when proteins are broken down into amino acids for energy. Ammonia is the most basic form of nitrogenous waste and is formed from the remaining amino acids that occur in the breakdown of proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Generally, aquatic animals excrete mostly ammonia, whereas terrestrial animals excrete either urea or uric acid. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are transported across cell membranes by different mechanisms corresponding to their different chemical properties in solution.