GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Blood flows into and away from the glomerulus through tiny arteries called arterioles, which reach and leave the glomerulus through the open end of the capsule. In the renal corpuscle, fluid filters out of the blood in the glomerulus through the inner wall of the capsule and into the nephron tubule.

Detailed explanation-2: -Filtrate is produced by the glomerulus when the hydrostatic pressure produced by the heart pushes water and solutes through the filtration membrane. Glomerular filtration is a passive process as cellular energy is not used at the filtration membrane to produce filtrate.

Detailed explanation-3: -Increases in the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure cause increases in net filtration pressure and GFR. However, increases in Bowman space hydrostatic pressure causes decreases in filtration pressure and GFR. This may result from ureteral constriction.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fluid exchange in the Bowman’s capsule is governed by the same Starling’s forces operating in the glomerulus. That is, the fluid there also exerts a hydrostatic pressure and it, in effect, opposes the hydrostatic pressure coming from the glomerulus.