GENERAL HISTOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Blood cells and large protein molecules are not filtered by the glomerulus. These molecules don’t pass through the blood capillaries since they are large in size. Therefore, they don’t enter the filtrate.

Detailed explanation-2: -The size of the filtration slits restricts the passage of large molecules (such as albumin) and cells (such as red blood cells and platelets) that are the non-filterable components of blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein is not normally present in the urine. Healthy kidneys take wastes out of the blood but leave protein in the blood. Damaged kidneys may fail to separate blood protein from the wastes and protein may leak into the urine. A small amount of protein in urine can be an early sign of kidney disease.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: There are four main groups of substances that are filtered out by the kidneys: water (excess), salts (ions of potassium, ammonium, hydrogen, others), creatinine (byproduct of muscle metabolism), and urea (waste products from protein metabolism).