AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cerebral Cortex TBI As the outermost portion of the brain, the cerebral cortex is one of the most common parts of the brain impacted by TBI. The cerebral cortex is essential for more advanced functions, including thought processes, reasoning, language, emotions, behaviors, movements and sensations.

Detailed explanation-2: -This jarring bruises brain tissue and tears blood vessels, particularly where the inside surface of the skull is rough and uneven; damage occurs at (and sometimes opposite) the point of impact. Thus, specific areas of the brain-most often the frontal and temporal lobes-are damaged.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary effects on the brain include various types of bleeding and tearing forces that injure nerve fibers and cause inflammation, metabolic changes, and brain swelling. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), one of the most common types of brain injuries, refers to widespread damage to the brain’s white matter.

Detailed explanation-4: -Head injury can damage the pituitary gland and reduce production of two important hormones. The part of the pituitary gland that regulates growth hormone (GH) release is particularly vulnerable to the effects of head injury.