AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A nerve cell that carries messages is called a neuron. The messages carried by neurons are called nerve impulses. Nerve impulses can travel very quickly because they are electrical impulses. Neurons are usually classified based on the role they play in the body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Messages, in the form of electrical impulses, constantly travel back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body. A special cell called a neuron is responsible for carrying these messages.

Detailed explanation-3: -The nerve cell, or neuron, is the key player in the activity of the nervous system. It conveys information both electrically and chemically. Within the neuron itself, information is passed along through the movement of an electrical charge (i.e., impulse).

Detailed explanation-4: -(A) At the synapse, the electrical signal within the neuron is translated into the release of a chemical signal called neurotransmitter. Ions flowing into the axon terminal are the signal for vesicles containing neurotransmitter to fuse with the cell membrane to release neurotransmitter.

Detailed explanation-5: -Much like the insulation around the wires in electrical systems, glial cells form a membraneous sheath surrounding axons called myelin, thereby insulating the axon. This myelination, as it is called, can greatly increase the speed of signals transmitted between neurons (known as action potentials).