AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sperling documented the existence of iconic memory (one of the sensory memory subtypes). Through several experiments, he showed support for his hypothesis that human beings store a perfect image of the visual world for a brief moment, before it is discarded from memory.

Detailed explanation-2: -Psychologists distinguish between three necessary stages in the learning and memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval (Melton, 1963). Encoding is defined as the initial learning of information; storage refers to maintaining information over time; retrieval is the ability to access information when you need it.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mood-congruent memory is when our ability to remember is diminished when we experience intense emotions, which could be either positive or negative in nature. Mood-congruent memory is when negative feelings impede us from storing long-term memories.

Detailed explanation-4: -Iconic memory is similar to echoic memory but for the sense of sight instead of sound. They are very similar, but the main difference is in their duration. Echoic memory stores auditory stimuli for several seconds, and iconic memory stores visual stimuli for a few hundred milliseconds .