AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This cognitive bias states that people react to a choice in different ways, depending on how it’s presented (i.e., framed). For example, it could be framed as a loss or as a gain. We tend to avoid risk when a positive frame is presented, but seek risk when a negative frame is presented.

Detailed explanation-2: -A cognitive bias that may result from this heuristic is that we ignore the base rate of events occurring when making decisions. For example, I am afraid of flying; however, it’s more likely that I might be in a car crash than in a plane crash. Despite this, I still hate flying but am indifferent to hopping into my car.

Detailed explanation-3: -The framing effect is a cognitive bias where people decide on options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations; e.g. as a loss or as a gain. People tend to avoid risk when a positive frame is presented but seek risks when a negative frame is presented.

Detailed explanation-4: -They include the following: Actor-observer bias. The tendency for an individual to credit their own situation to external causes while ascribing other people’s behaviors to internal causes. Anchoring bias.

Detailed explanation-5: -Confirmation bias, hindsight bias, self-serving bias, anchoring bias, availability bias, the framing effect, and inattentional blindness are some of the most common examples of cognitive bias.