AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment. A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pavlov (1927/1960) studied unconditioned reflexes with dogs. He found that placing meat powder in a dog’s mouth (US) elicits salivation (UR). The conditioning part of his experiment involved pairing various innocuous stimuli with the food, such that they preceded food delivery.

Detailed explanation-3: -Salivation is one such conditioned reflex; it occurs only when a person is conscious of the presence of food or when one imagines food.

Detailed explanation-4: -Over time, the sounds of the clicking metronome caused an increase in salivation. This means that the dog learned to associate the metronome and the food with a learned behavior. This response was learned (conditioned), which was referred to as a conditioned response or a Pavlovian response.

Detailed explanation-5: -Definition. An unconditioned response is a response that is reflexive and involuntary in nature, which is reliably induced every time an organism comes across to biologically significant stimuli.