AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment. A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Salivation is one such conditioned reflex; it occurs only when a person is conscious of the presence of food or when one imagines food.

Detailed explanation-3: -During conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (food) is presented repeatedly just after the presentation of the neutral stimulus (bell). After conditioning, the neutral stimulus alone produces a conditioned response (salivation), thus becoming a conditioned stimulus.

Detailed explanation-4: -salivation, which is termed an unconditional response. The ticking of the metronome is a conditional stimulus, because its ability to elicit salivation (now a conditional response when it occurs in reaction to the conditional stimulus alone) is conditional on a particular set of experiences.

Detailed explanation-5: -To summarize: classical conditioning-learning to associate an unconditioned stimulus (food) that already brings about a particular response (salivating) with a new conditioned stimulus (metronome), so that the new stimulus brings about the same response.