AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Shaping is the use of reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior. Specifically, when using a shaping technique, each approximate desired behavior that is demonstrated is reinforced, while behaviors that are not approximations of the desired behavior are not reinforced.

Detailed explanation-2: -a method of shaping operant behavior by reinforcing responses similar to the desired behavior. Initially, responses roughly approximating the desired behavior are reinforced. Later, only responses closely approximating the desired behavior are reinforced.

Detailed explanation-3: -Shaping (by the method of successive approximations) consists of systematically applying reinforcement and extinction to some behavior (e.g., touching a tooth brush) in order to modify it such that it gradually approaches a target behavior (e.g., brushing teeth).

Detailed explanation-4: -Bottom line is that in operant conditioning, shaping refers to a process where small steps are taken and reinforced in order to get to some bigger target behavior.

Detailed explanation-5: -It changes the force with which an individual performs a behavior. For example, a socially isolated child with few friends could adjust their tone of voice via successive approximations. Consequently, their voice gradually becomes stronger.