AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: –Conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards.

Detailed explanation-2: -Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence. In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives, 5 while classical conditioning involves no such enticements.

Detailed explanation-4: -In Pavlov’s experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus. An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus. The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment. A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response.

Detailed explanation-5: -Operant Conditioning: A Definition The basic concept behind operant conditioning is that a stimulus (antecedent) leads to a behavior, which then leads to a consequence. This form of conditioning involves reinforcers, both positive and negative, as well as primary, secondary, and generalized.