AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Among these side effects were the dangers of conditioned punishment, an increase in escape and avoidance responses during punishment, the occurrence of punishment-induced aggression, and the development of countercontrol strategies.

Detailed explanation-2: -Physical punishment can lead to children being more aggressive and anti-social as well as more likely to be susceptible to mental illness. Physical punishment teaches children that physical aggression is okay. It does not help them develop positive, effective coping skills to manage negative emotions and situations.

Detailed explanation-3: -Remember that reinforcement, even when it is negative, always increases a behavior. In contrast, punishment always decreases a behavior. In positive punishment, you add an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior. An example of positive punishment is scolding a student to get the student to stop texting in class.

Detailed explanation-4: -Negative punishment is an important concept in B. F. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning. In behavioral psychology, the goal of punishment is to decrease unwanted behavior. In the case of negative punishment, it involves taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.