AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses, but operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors. Finally, classical conditioning focuses more on what happens before a response, while the focus of operant conditioning is what follows a behavior.

Detailed explanation-2: -The main difference between classical and operant conditioning is that classical conditioning associates involuntary behavior with a stimulus while operant conditioning associates voluntary action with a consequence. Classical and operant conditioning are two central concepts in behavioral psychology.

Detailed explanation-3: -Classical and operant conditioning are both similar because they involve making association between behaviour and events in an organism’s environment and are governed by several general laws of association-for example, it is easier to associate stimuli that are similar to each other and that occur at similar times.

Detailed explanation-4: -Classical conditioning theory states that behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one, such as Pavlov’s dogs hearing a bell (neutral) and expecting food (positive). The learned behavior is called a conditioned response.

Detailed explanation-5: -Observational learning extends the effective range of both classical and operant conditioning. In contrast to classical and operant conditioning, in which learning occurs only through direct experience, observational learning is the process of watching others and then imitating what they do.