AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to McGregor, you’ll likely use an authoritarian style of management. This approach is very “hands-on” and usually involves micromanaging people’s work to ensure that it gets done properly. McGregor called this Theory X.

Detailed explanation-2: -Managers in high-pressure, high-output organisations will tend towards Theory X in order to achieve company goals as efficiently as possible. For example, a manager – let’s call them ‘X’ – needs to reach a certain level of output for their department per month. Anything above this base level output will gain X a bonus.

Detailed explanation-3: -Theory X managers are task-centered; so it will be a good idea to stick to facts and figures and give a very clear deadline on when the assigned task will be completed. Orient your discussions around how you can deliver the results and don’t bring emotions in your discussions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Theory X takes the position that employees are reluctant to change and that they require significant external motivation from their managers to complete their work. For example, a manager might determine that their team is reluctant to complete tasks on time.

Detailed explanation-5: -Examples of organizations that predominately use Theory Y are Apple, Starbucks, and Google. Examples of organizations that predominately use Theory X are Ford Motor Company, Red Cross, and FEMA. For the latter two examples, this is especially true in a crisis.