AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Participants will sometimes second-guess what the researcher is after, or change their answers or behaviors in different ways, depending on the experiment or environment [1]. This is called participant bias, or response bias, and it can have a huge impact on research findings.

Detailed explanation-2: -Subject bias, also known as participant bias, is a tendency of participants (subjects) in an experiment to consciously or subconsciously act in a way that they think the experimenter or researcher wants them to act. It often occurs when subjects realize or know the purpose of the study.

Detailed explanation-3: -You can control demand characteristics by taking a few precautions in your research design and materials. Use these measures: Deception: Hide the purpose of the study from participants. Between-groups design: Give each participant only one independent variable treatment.

Detailed explanation-4: -In research, demand characteristics are cues that might indicate the study aims to participants. These cues can lead participants to change their behaviors or responses based on what they think the research is about. Demand characteristics are problematic because they can bias your research findings.