AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In top-down processing, perceptions begin with the most general and move toward the more specific. These perceptions are heavily influenced by our expectations and prior knowledge. 1 Put simply, your brain applies what it knows to fill in the blanks and anticipate what’s next.

Detailed explanation-2: -Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? likelihood principle. we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received.

Detailed explanation-3: -An example of this is stubbing your toe on a chair, the pain receptors detect pain and send this information to the brain where it is processed. On the other hand, how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts. This is called top-down processing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bottom-up and top-down processing are two different ways of making sense of stimuli. In bottom-up processing, we allow the stimulus itself to shape our perception, without any preconceived ideas. In top-down processing, we use our background knowledge and expectations to interpret what we see.