AP PSYCHOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -One classic example of top-down processing in action is a phenomenon known as the Stroop effect. In this task, people are shown a list of words printed in different colors. They’re then asked to name the ink color, rather than the word itself.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bottom up processing is when sensory receptors pick up signals for the brain to integrate and process. An example of this is stubbing your toe on a chair, the pain receptors detect pain and send this information to the brain where it is processed.

Detailed explanation-3: -Perception. Bottom-up processing is the process of ‘sensation’ and top-down is the process of ‘perception’. Sensation is the input of sensory information from our external environment that is received by our sensory receptors.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, a standard introductory psychology textbook provides the following definition: “Top-down processing is how knowledge, expectations, or past experiences shape the interpretation of sensory information” (Gazzaniga, Heatherton, & Halpern, 2016, p. 173).