HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -The complications of pneumothorax include effusion, hemorrhage, empyema; respiratory failure, pneumomediastinum, arrhythmias and instable hemodynamics need to be handled accordingly. Treatment complications refer to major pain, subcutaneous emphysema, bleeding and infection, rare re-expansion pulmonary edema.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pneumothorax is the one of the most frequent mechanical complications during central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. CVC insertion is a commonly performed procedure which facilitates resuscitation, nutritional support, and long-term vascular access.

Detailed explanation-3: -Subclavian venous catheterization should be avoided in patients with severe hypoxemia, because the complication of pneumothorax is more likely to occur at this site and is less likely to be tolerated by such patients.