HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -One of them, A, was identified as the core protein of extracellular amyloid plaques by molecular cloning (Kang et al. 1987), and the other, Tau, as the core of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles by antibody reactivity (Brion et al.

Detailed explanation-2: -In healthy neurons, tau normally binds to and stabilizes microtubules. In Alzheimer’s disease, however, abnormal chemical changes cause tau to detach from microtubules and stick to other tau molecules, forming threads that eventually join to form tangles inside neurons.

Detailed explanation-3: -Tau is a protein that helps stabilize the internal skeleton of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. This internal skeleton has a tube-like shape through which nutrients and other essential substances travel to reach different parts of the neuron.

Detailed explanation-4: -Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that are most commonly known as a primary biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease. Their presence is also found in numerous other diseases known as tauopathies. Little is known about their exact relationship to the different pathologies.

Detailed explanation-5: -A large body of evidence suggests that tau hyperphosphorylation results from perturbation of cellular signaling, mainly through imbalance in the activities of different protein kinases and phosphatases. In AD, it appears that ß‐amyloid peptide (Aß) plays a pivotal role in triggering this imbalance.