HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -The abomasum is the only compartment lined with glands. These glands release hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, needed to breakdown feeds.

Detailed explanation-2: -A cow’s rumen is different because it functions like a large food processor. In fact, millions of tiny organisms (mainly bacteria) naturally live in the rumen and help the cow by breaking down plant parts that cannot be digested otherwise.

Detailed explanation-3: -Rumen microbes break down the DIP into ammonia (NH3) amino acids, and peptides, which are used by the microbes along with energy from carbohydrate digestion for growth and reproduction.

Detailed explanation-4: -The main digestive enzymes in cattle are salivary and pancreatic lipase, rennin, pepsin, trypsin, lactase and amylase. Maltase and isornaltase, celliobiase, trehalase, elastase and carboxypeptidase are also present.

Detailed explanation-5: -Saliva aids in chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase) and starch (salivary amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen. Saliva’s most important function is to buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.