HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -The proventriculus is the true stomach of the bird from which hydrochloric acid and pepsin (an enzyme) is secreted to aid in digestion. The gizzard is the oval organ composed of two pairs of thick red muscles. These muscles are extremely strong and are used to grind or crush the food particles.

Detailed explanation-2: -The proventriculus (also known as the true stomach) is the glandular stomach where digestion primarily begins. This organ is called the proventriculus because its location in the digestive tract precedes the ventriculus, where food is ground.

Detailed explanation-3: -The proventriculus, or glandular stomach, is continuous with the esophagus at the level of the base of the heart and contains digestive (pepsinogen-secreting) and mucous glands. A strong muscular sphincter separates the proventriculus from the ventriculus.

Detailed explanation-4: -The stomach in chickens is subdivided into two parts, the proventriculus (glandular stomach) and the ventriculus (gizzard). The proventriculus is the organ producing acid and enzymes. The gizzard is the muscular stomach and pacemaker of gut motility. They are pivotal for digestion and gut health.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stomach (Proventriculus/Gizzard): Principally the organ where food is broken into smaller units. It has two parts: the proventriculus for storage and the gizzard. The gizzard is a muscular part of the stomach that uses grit to grind grains and fiber into smaller particles.