HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -bolus, food that has been chewed and mixed in the mouth with saliva. Chewing helps to reduce food particles to a size readily swallowed; saliva adds digestive enzymes, water, and mucus that help chemically to reduce food particles, hydrate them for taste, and lubricate them for easy swallowing.

Detailed explanation-2: -The chewing and wetting action provided by the teeth and saliva shape the food into a mass called the bolus for swallowing. The tongue aids in swallowing by moving the bolus from the mouth into the pharynx.

Detailed explanation-3: -In digestion, a bolus (from Latin bolus, “ball") is a mass of food that (with animals that can chew) has been chewed at the point of swallowing. Under normal circumstances, the bolus then travels down the esophagus to the stomach for digestion.

Detailed explanation-4: -Once the mouth and throat muscles begin the process of swallowing, the food bolus moves down the esophagus fairly quickly, aided by involuntary (not deliberate) muscular movements of the esophagus. The bolus then passes through a muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach, called the esophageal sphincter.