HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -The bacteria in the rumen break down larger carbohydrate molecules found in plant cells into simple sugars in a process called fermentation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The rumen contains bacteria and protozoa that break down plant material using a process called fermentation. This process enables the cow to gain nutrition from a plant-based diet.

Detailed explanation-3: -Rumen fermentation is a process that converts ingested feed into energy sources for the host. Fiber scratches the rumen wall to start a series of contractions. These contractions lead to rumination, which is the process that physically breaks down the fiber source.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ruminants quickly swallow the food and store it in the rumen. Once the rumen is filled, food is passed into the second chamber (reticulum). In the reticulum, digestive juices partially digest the food. Partially digested food is called cud.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ruminant stomachs have four compartments: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. Rumen microbes ferment feed and produce volatile fatty acids, which is the cow’s main energy source. Rumen microbes also produce B vitamins, vitamin K and amino acids.