HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -Salmonella can get on the shells of eggs. This can happen when birds lay the eggs and when eggs touch bird droppings (poop) after being laid. Touching eggs from the grocery store is not a major cause of illness because those eggs are washed before they reach stores. Salmonella can get inside eggs too.

Detailed explanation-2: -Dirty eggs may have harmful Salmonella bacteria on the shell. Cracked eggs allow Salmonella to enter and grow inside the egg. However even eggs with clean, uncracked shells can pose a risk if handled incorrectly.

Detailed explanation-3: -The second way of egg contamination is exclusive to one particular type of Salmonella known as Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). In SE-infected layer hens, the bacteria can be found in their ovaries and they enter the eggs even before the shells are formed.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enteritidis, Escherichia, and fecal Enterococcus are important contaminants from fecal matter. Other bacteria associated with egg shells are Acetobacter, Aeromonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Streptococcus, and coliforms.