HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -Fats, such as butter and oils, slow down the gluten-forming process by coating the protein strands, which is one reason enriched doughs such as brioche call for longer mixing times. The coating acts like a barrier that prevents gluten proteins from sticking to one another, stunting the growth of long chains.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gluten is formed from flour when water is added. That bag of all-purpose flour sitting on your counter contains two proteins necessary to form gluten: glutenin and gliadin. When water (or a liquid including water, like milk) is added to these two proteins, they link together, forming gluten.

Detailed explanation-3: -Highlights. ► Salt delays gluten protein hydration resulting in the formation of more fibril gluten network. ► Salt enhances the strength and stability of dough and loaf volume of bread. ► The effect of salt on dough strength and bread loaf volume is flour dependent.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oils and fats are used in a baked product to reduce the development of gluten giving the foods a crumbly texture. The fats and oils break down the gluten into “shorter strands” hence the term shorteners. Coating the flour in fat prevents the flour from absorbing water hindering the formation of gluten.