HUMAN NUTRITION

Detailed explanation-1: -Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor that mediates various redox reactions through the transfer of electrons between NAD+ (oxidized form of NAD, hereafter referred to as NAD) and NADH (reduced form of NAD, hereafter referred to as NADH).

Detailed explanation-2: -NADH formed from glycolysis (via the malate-aspartate shuttle) or the TCA cycle can react at Complex I, also known as the NADH/coenzyme Q reductase in the mitochondrial electron transport chain [28]. Each NADH consumed by the mitochondria results in the net production of 3 ATP molecules (Figure 1).