AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A fixed action pattern is a predictable series of actions triggered by a cue, sometimes called the key stimulus. Though a fixed action pattern is more complex than a reflex, it’s still automatic and involuntary. Once triggered, it will go on to completion, even if the key stimulus is removed in the meantime.

Detailed explanation-2: -sign stimulus (releaser) The essential feature of a stimulus, which is necessary to elicit a response. For example, a red belly (characteristic of courting male sticklebacks) is the sign stimulus necessary to provoke an attack from a rival male; even a very crude model fish is attacked if it has a red undersurface.

Detailed explanation-3: -Three-Spined Sticklebacks A classic example of a FAP was described in three-spined stickleback fish by Nikolaas Tinbergen in the 1930s. During the breeding season, the male fish develop a red throat and belly and build a nest.

Detailed explanation-4: -Instinct, imprinting, conditioning, and imitation are the four types of animal behavior.