AP BIOLOGY

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EVOLUTION

HARDY WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A fire burns through an entire forest, and only 10 trees at the top of a hill survive. These 10 trees go on to repopulate the area in the coming years. This is an example of
A
genetic drift (founder effect)
B
natural selection
C
non-random mating
D
genetic drift (bottleneck effect)
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Natural Selection occurs when one allele confers some benefit to the individuals that bear it and is thus favored by natural selection over time. This violates Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium because the frequency of the beneficial allele will increase over time.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Detailed explanation-3: -The bottleneck effect is an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced. Events like natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, fires) can decimate a population, killing most individuals and leaving behind a small, random assortment of survivors.

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