AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Crossing Over and Genetic Mapping This process of crossing over and the resulting recombination, (exchange of gene alleles across the chromosomes in a pair) enables us to reason about genetic mapping-that is, about the order of genes on a chromosome and the distances among the genes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Step 1: Start with the genes that are the farthest apart first: B and C are 45 map units apart and would be placed far apart. Step 2: Solve it like a puzzle, using a pencil to determine the positions of the other genes. Step 3: Subtraction will be necessary to determine the final distances between each gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -… A karyotype is an individual’s complete set of chromosomes. The term also refers to a laboratory-produced image of a person’s chromosomes isolated from an individual cell and arranged in numerical order. A karyotype may be used to look for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genetic mapping is based on the use of genetic techniques to construct maps showing the positions of genes and other sequence features on a genome. Genetic techniques include cross-breeding experiments or, in the case of humans, the examination of family histories (pedigrees).