AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -’Climatic variations’ and ‘Human activities’ can be regarded as the two main causes of desertification. removal of the natural vegetation coverby taking too much fuel wood, agricultural activities in the vulnerable ecosystems of arid and semi-arid areas, which are thus strained beyond their capacity.

Detailed explanation-2: -One of the most important causes of desertification, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, is improper activities in agriculture. Dense and improper cultivation of crops reduce soil structure stability and lead to soil degradation and erosion [28].

Detailed explanation-3: -Inappropriate farming methods, deforestation, and overgrazing causes soil degradation such as loss of organic matter and nutrient depletion, acidification, salinization, and chemical contamination, as well as deterioration of physical properties, such as water and wind erosion.