AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Classical conditioning tends to involve a. reflexive-type behaviors. This is one reason why classical conditioning can occur without much effort or thought, or even accidentally: reflex responses are usually involuntary, even when used in classical conditioning.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most important thing to remember is that classical conditioning involves automatic or reflexive responses, and not voluntary behavior (that’s operant conditioning, and that is a different post).

Detailed explanation-3: -Classical conditioning theory states that behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one, such as Pavlov’s dogs hearing a bell (neutral) and expecting food (positive). The learned behavior is called a conditioned response.

Detailed explanation-4: -A conditioned reflex, also called an acquired reflex, is an automatic response to a stimulus that differs from that initially causing the response, but that has become associated with it by repetition, in a process known as classical conditioning.

Detailed explanation-5: -The difference between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus is that an unconditional stimulus (UCS) elicits a natural, reflexive response, called the unconditioned response (UCR), while a neutral stimulus (NS) doesn’t naturally elicit the same response.